Forged 90° Elbow Manufacturer, Supplier & Exporter
A forged 90° elbow turns a small-bore pipeline through 90° using a compact, solid forged body. Raaj Fittings manufactures and exports forged 90° elbows with socket weld and threaded ends to ASME B16.11, in sizes from ¼" to 4" NPS and pressure classes 2000, 3000, 6000 and 9000, in stainless steel, duplex, nickel alloys, carbon steel and alloy steel.
Because they are forged from solid bar or billet and then machined, these elbows withstand far higher pressures than cast or buttweld elbows of the same size. They are used on instrument, drain, vent, sampling, hydraulic and utility lines, where pipe sizes are small and pressures are high.
Socket weld elbows are fillet-welded to the pipe for a strong, leak-tight joint; threaded elbows screw on with NPT or BSP threads where welding is not wanted. Both are supplied with EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificates, with 3.2 certification on request.
We export forged 90° elbows to EPC contractors, plant operators and stockists across the Middle East and GCC, Europe and the Americas — with NPT threads for US and Gulf projects or BSP threads where European and Middle Eastern specifications call for them.
90° Elbow Specifications
¼" NPS to 4" NPS (DN 8 to DN 100)
Socket weld: Class 3000, 6000 and 9000. Threaded: Class 2000, 3000 and 6000
ASME B16.11 (dimensions, tolerances and pressure ratings)
NPT to ASME B1.20.1; BSPT and BSPP to BS 21 / ISO 7-1
Socket weld (SW) or female threaded (NPT / BSP)
Forged from bar or billet and CNC machined
EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate as standard; EN 10204 3.2 on request
Materials & Grades
We supply forged 90° elbows in the following materials and grades. All grades are supplied with EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2 Mill Test Certificates.
Stainless Steel Forged 90° Elbows
Stainless steel forged fittings deliver excellent corrosion resistance in chemical, pharmaceutical, food processing, and marine environments. All grades supplied to ASTM A182 specification.
(ASTM A182 F304 / F304L) General corrosion resistance; food processing, dairy, and chemical service
(ASTM A182 F316 / F316L) Superior chloride and acid resistance; pharmaceutical, offshore, and chemical processing
(ASTM A182 F316H) Elevated-temperature creep strength for high-temperature process service
(ASTM A182 F317 / F317L) Higher molybdenum content; superior corrosion resistance in concentrated acid service
(ASTM A182 F321) Titanium-stabilised; resists sensitisation at sustained elevated temperatures
(ASTM A182 F347) Columbium-stabilised; used in heat exchangers and high-temperature piping
Duplex & Super Duplex Stainless Steel Forged 90° Elbows
Delivering approximately twice the yield strength of austenitic stainless steel with excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking, pitting, and erosion — ideal for offshore, subsea, and chemical processing environments.
(UNS S31803 / S32205, ASTM A182 F51) Offshore topsides, chemical plant, and seawater cooling systems
(UNS S32750, ASTM A182 F53) Subsea equipment, desalination, and high-chloride offshore service
(UNS S32760, ASTM A182 F55) High-temperature, high-chloride offshore and subsea service applications
Nickel Alloy Forged 90° Elbows
For the most severe corrosive, high-temperature, and sour service environments where standard stainless steel grades are insufficient.
(UNS N06600) High-temperature oxidation and carburisation resistance
(UNS N06625) Outstanding corrosion resistance; offshore, chemical, and subsea service
(UNS N08825) Resistance to phosphoric and sulfuric acids; FGD and chemical plant
(UNS N10276) Universal corrosion resistance across the widest range of aggressive media
(UNS N06022) Superior resistance to oxidising and reducing acids and pitting attack
(UNS N04400) Seawater, hydrofluoric acid, and marine and alkali service
(UNS N08020) Engineered for sulfuric acid and aggressive chemical process service
Exceptional corrosion resistance in seawater and oxidising media at low density
Carbon Steel Forged 90° Elbows
Carbon steel is the standard material for forged fittings in general-purpose, hydrocarbon, steam, and elevated-temperature service. The primary grade for forged carbon steel fittings is ASTM A105.
Primary grade for forged carbon steel fittings and flanges — covers ambient and elevated-temperature service in pressurised piping systems.
Low-temperature carbon steel, impact-tested for service down to -46°C (-50°F) — LNG, cold climate, and cryogenic piping applications.
Low-temperature carbon steel, impact-tested to -101°C (-150°F) — for the most demanding cold-temperature service applications.
Alloy Steel Forged 90° Elbows
Chromium-molybdenum alloy steel grades for high-temperature, high-pressure service in power generation, petrochemical, and refinery applications. All grades supplied to ASTM A182 specification.
(5% Cr · ½% Mo) Refinery hydroprocessing and high-temperature service
(9% Cr · 1% Mo) High-temperature steam and hydrogen-rich process service
(1¼% Cr · ½% Mo) Thermal power plant steam, feedwater, and reheat piping
(2¼% Cr · 1% Mo) Reactors and high-temperature pressure piping in petrochemical plants
(9% Cr · 1% Mo · V · Nb) Ultra-supercritical power plant main steam and hot reheat piping
Socket Weld or Threaded?
Both versions share the same forged 90° body; the difference is how the pipe is joined.
- Socket weld (SW) — the pipe is inserted into a machined socket and joined with a fillet weld. The joint is stronger and more leak-tight than a threaded one and is preferred for Class 3000 and above and for hazardous fluids.
- Threaded (NPT / BSP) — the pipe screws into a female thread, so no welding is needed. Threaded elbows suit utility, air and water lines, and areas where hot work is not permitted.
When fitting a socket weld elbow, the pipe should be withdrawn by about 1.6 mm (1/16") from the bottom of the socket before welding. This expansion gap stops the weld from cracking as it cools and is required by the ASME B31 piping codes.
Matching Pressure Class to Pipe Schedule
ASME B16.11 relates each class to the wall thickness of the pipe it is used with:
- Socket weld Class 3000 — SCH 80 / XS pipe
- Socket weld Class 6000 — SCH 160 pipe
- Socket weld Class 9000 — XXS pipe
- Threaded Class 2000 — SCH 80 / XS pipe
- Threaded Class 3000 — SCH 160 pipe
- Threaded Class 6000 — XXS pipe
Class 3000 is the most commonly specified for general process piping, Class 6000 for high-pressure hydraulic, steam and chemical injection lines, and Class 9000 for the most demanding offshore and high-pressure instrument service.
Related Forged Elbows
For a 45° change of direction, use a forged 45° elbow. Where one end must screw directly into another fitting, a street elbow with one male and one female thread saves a nipple. Above 4" NPS, a buttweld 90° long radius elbow is normally used instead.
Applications & Industries
Forged 90° elbows are used on small-bore, high-pressure piping in:
- Oil and gas production, refining and petrochemical plants
- Instrument, sampling, drain and vent connections
- Hydraulic and high-pressure chemical injection systems
- Steam, condensate and boiler trim piping in power plants
- Offshore platforms and seawater systems in duplex and super duplex
- LNG and low-temperature service in ASTM A350 LF2 and LF3
- Compressed air, water and general utility lines (threaded)
See the complete range of forged fittings, including tees, couplings, unions and caps in the same materials.
Testing, Inspection, Marking & Packing
Every forged elbow is produced and checked under our quality assurance process:
- Incoming material verification with PMI testing
- Chemical and mechanical testing to ASTM A105, A350, A182 or the applicable nickel alloy specification
- Heat treatment as required by the material grade, with pickling and passivation for stainless steels
- Dimensional inspection of centre-to-end, socket bore and depth, and thread gauging
- Hydrostatic testing where specified by the purchase order or the applicable standard
- Marking with manufacturer's mark, grade, size, class and heat number
Elbows are supplied with EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificates; EN 10204 3.2 certificates and third-party inspection are available on request, as is NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 compliant material for sour service.
Fittings are packed for export with plastic caps protecting threads and sockets, rust-preventive or VCI wrapping on carbon and alloy steel, and seaworthy wooden cases; marking, tagging and packing to your specification are available on request.
Why Choose Raaj Fittings for Forged 90° Elbows?
Raaj Sagar Steels has supplied piping components since 2003 and today manufactures forged fittings at two plants in India for buyers in the Middle East, Europe and the Americas.
- Manufactured in-house — Forged 90° elbows are made in our own plants, so material, dimensions and delivery stay under our control.
- Ready stock, short lead times — common sizes and grades are held in stock for prompt dispatch; other sizes, grades and specials are manufactured to order.
- Certified quality — ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 and ISO 45001:2018 certified; PED 2014/68/EU and IBR supply available, and NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 material on request.
- 100% material verification — PMI testing on incoming material and EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificates with every order; 3.2 certificates on request.
- Third-party inspection ready — we regularly work with SGS, Bureau Veritas, TÜV and DNV.
- Export documentation — MTCs, certificates of origin, packing lists and inspection reports to suit projects in the GCC, Europe and the Americas.
- Export packing — seaworthy packing with end and face protection, and packing to your specification on request.
- Fast response — our team replies to enquiries within one business day.
Forged 90° Elbows — FAQs
Forged 90° elbows are made to ASME B16.11 from ¼" to 4" NPS. Socket weld elbows come in Class 3000, 6000 and 9000; threaded elbows in Class 2000, 3000 and 6000.
Match the class to the pipe schedule. For socket weld elbows, Class 3000 suits SCH 80 pipe, Class 6000 suits SCH 160 and Class 9000 suits XXS. For threaded elbows, Class 2000 suits SCH 80, Class 3000 suits SCH 160 and Class 6000 suits XXS.
Socket weld elbows are fillet-welded to the pipe and give a stronger, leak-tight joint for higher pressures and hazardous fluids. Threaded elbows are screwed on with NPT or BSP threads and need no welding, which suits utility lines and areas where welding is not allowed.
The pipe is pulled back about 1.6 mm (1/16") from the bottom of the socket before welding. The gap lets the pipe expand as the weld heats and cools, preventing cracks in the fillet weld. The ASME B31 piping codes require it.
Threaded elbows are supplied with NPT threads to ASME B1.20.1 as standard, or with BSPT or BSPP threads to BS 21 / ISO 7-1 for European and Middle Eastern projects.
ASME B16.11 forged fittings stop at 4" NPS, and socket weld fittings are generally limited to 3". For larger lines, buttweld elbows to ASME B16.9 are used instead.
Yes. We supply forged 90° elbows for projects under the European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED 2014/68/EU), and with IBR certification for Indian boiler applications. NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 compliant material is also available on request for sour service in the Middle East and the Americas.
